W-9 TAX GUIDELINES

Published on December 23, 1996



GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE
PAYER.-- Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens:
i.e. 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by
only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the
number to give the payer.

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FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT: GIVE THE
SOCIAL SECURITY
NUMBER OF--
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1. An individual's account The individual

2. Two or more individuals The actual owner
(joint account) of the account
or, if combined
funds, the first
individual on
the account(1)

3. Husband and wife (joint The actual owner
account) of the account
or, if joint
funds, either
person(1)

4. Custodian account of a The minor(2)
minor (Uniform Gift to
Minors Act)

5. Adult and minor (joint The adult or, if
account) the minor is the
only
contributor, the
minor(1)

6. Account in the name of The ward, minor,
guardian or committee or incompetent
for a designated ward, person(3)
minor, or incompetent
person

7. a. The usual revocable The grantor-
savings trust account trustee(1)
(grantor is also
trustee)

b. So-called trust account The actual
that is not a legal or owner(1)
valid trust under
State law

8. Sole proprietorship The owner(4)
account



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FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT: GIVE THE EMPLOYER
IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER OF--
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9. A valid trust, estate, The legal entity
or pension trust (Do not furnish
the identifying
number of the
personal
representative
or trustee
unless the legal
entity itself is
not designated
in the account
title.)(5)

10. Corporate account The corporation

11. Religious, charitable, The organization
or educational
organization account

12. Partnership account The partnership
held in the name of the
business

13. Association, club, or The organization
other tax-exempt
organization

14. A broker or registered The broker or
nominee nominee

15. Account with the The public
Department of entity
Agriculture in the name
of a public entity
(such as a State or
local government,
school district, or
prison) that receives
agricultural program
payments



(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.

(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.

(3) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
person's social security number.

(4) Show the name of the owner.

(5) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.

NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will
be considered to be that of the first name listed.

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

PAGE 2
OBTAINING A NUMBER
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number or you don't know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or
Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office
of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply
for a number.

PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include
the following:
. A corporation.
. A financial institution.
. An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual
retirement plan.
. The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
. A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any
subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
. A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or any
agency or instrumentality thereof.
. An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
. A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S. or a
possession of the U.S.
. A real estate investment trust.
. A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).
. An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
section 4947(a)(1).
. An entity registered at all times under the investment Company Act of 1940.
. A foreign central bank of issue.

Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:
. Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
. Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
which have at least one nonresident partner.
. Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
money.
. Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
. Payments made to a nominee.

Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
. Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. NOTE: You may be
subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more and is paid in
the course of the payer's trade or business and you have not provided your
correct taxpayer identification number to the payer.
. Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt interest dividends under
section 852).
. Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
. Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
. Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
. Payments made to a nominee.

Exempt payees described above should file Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous
backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, AND RETURN IT TO
THE PAYER. IF THE PAYMENTS ARE INTEREST, DIVIDENDS, OR PATRONAGE DIVIDENDS,
ALSO SIGN AND DATE THE FORM.

Certain payments other than interest dividends, and patronage dividends, that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041A(a),
6045, and 6050A.

PRIVACY ACT NOTICE--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers
who must report the payments to IRS. IRS uses the numbers for identification
purposes. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are
required to file tax returns. Beginning January 1, 1984, payers must generally
withhold 31% of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a
payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain
penalties may also apply.

PENALTIES

(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER--If you fail
to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a
penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable
cause and not to willful neglect.

(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING--If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.

(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION--Falsifying certifications or
affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.