February 21, 2024 - 10-K: Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-14428

RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD.

(Exact Name Of Registrant As Specified In Its Charter)


Bermuda			98-0141974
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Renaissance House, 12 Crow Lane, Pembroke HM 19 Bermuda

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(441) 295-4513

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, Par Value $1.00 per share	RNR	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a Series F 5.750% Preference Share, Par Value $1.00 per share	RNR PRF	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a Series G 4.20% Preference Share, Par Value $1.00 per share	RNR PRG	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Act. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Act. Large accelerated filer x, Accelerated filer o, Non-accelerated filer o, Smaller reporting company ☐, Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x

The aggregate market value of Common Shares held by nonaffiliates of the registrant at June 30, 2023 was $9.4 billion based on the closing sale price of the Common Shares on the New York Stock Exchange on that date.

The number of Common Shares, par value US $1.00 per share, outstanding at February 14, 2024 was 52,694,415.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2024 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
	NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	1

PART I		3
ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	3
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	35
ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	47
ITEM 1C.	C YBERS ECURITY	47
ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	48
ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	48
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	48

PART II		49
ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER REPURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	49
ITEM 6.	RESERVED	50
ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	51
ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	102
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	108
ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	109
ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	109
ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	110
ITEM 9C.	DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS	110

PART III		111
ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	111
ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	111
ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS	111
ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	111
ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	111

PART IV		111
ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	111
ITEM 16.	10-K SUMMARY	119

SIGNATURES		120
	INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	F-1
	INDEX TO SCHEDULES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	S-1

NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, of RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are necessarily based on estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which, with respect to future business decisions, are subject to change. These uncertainties and contingencies can affect actual results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, us. In particular, statements using words such as “may,” “should,” “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “predict,” “potential,” or words of similar import generally involve forward-looking statements. For example, we may include certain forward-looking statements in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” with regard to trends in results, prices, volumes, operations, investment results, margins, combined ratios, fees, reserves, market conditions, risk management and exchange rates; the impact of the Validus Acquisition on our business; the consequences of our strategic decisions; the performance of our underwriting portfolio, Capital Partners unit, and investment portfolio; and the impact of general economic conditions such as changes in inflation and interest rates on our results of operations. This Form 10-K also contains forward-looking statements with respect to our business and industry, such as those relating to our strategy and management objectives, plans and expectations regarding our response and ability to adapt to changing economic conditions, market standing and product volumes, competition and new entrants in our industry, industry capital, insured losses from loss events, government initiatives and regulatory matters affecting the (re)insurance industries, and our integration of, and realization of benefits from, the Validus Acquisition (as hereinafter defined).

The inclusion of forward-looking statements in this report should not be considered as a representation by us or any other person that our current objectives or plans will be achieved. Numerous factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those addressed by the forward-looking statements, including the following:

•our exposure to natural and non-natural catastrophic events and circumstances and the variance they may cause in our financial results;

•the effect of climate change on our business, including the trend towards increasingly frequent and severe climate events;

•the effectiveness of our claims and claim expense reserving process;

•the effect of emerging claims and coverage issues;

•the performance of our investment portfolio and financial market volatility;

•the effects of inflation;

•the ability of our ceding companies and delegated authority counterparties to accurately assess the risks they underwrite;

•our ability to maintain our financial strength ratings;

•our reliance on a small number of brokers;

•the highly competitive nature of our industry;

•the historically cyclical nature of the (re)insurance industries;

•collection on claimed retrocessional coverage, and new retrocessional reinsurance being available on acceptable terms or at all;

•our ability to attract and retain key executives and employees;

•our ability to successfully implement our business, strategies and initiatives;

•difficulties in integrating the Validus Business;

•our exposure to credit loss from counterparties;

•our need to make many estimates and judgments in the preparation of our financial statements;

•our exposure to risks associated with our management of capital on behalf of investors in joint ventures or other entities we manage;

•changes to the accounting rules and regulatory systems applicable to our business, including changes in Bermuda and U.S. laws or regulations;

•the effect of current or future macroeconomic or geopolitical events or trends, including the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, and Israel and Hamas;

•other political, regulatory or industry initiatives adversely impacting us;

•our ability to comply with covenants in our debt agreements;

•the effect of adverse economic factors, including changes in the prevailing interest rates;

•the impact of cybersecurity risks, including technology breaches or failure;

•a contention by the IRS that any of our Bermuda subsidiaries are subject to taxation in the U.S.;

•the effects of new or possible future tax reform legislation and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including recent changes in Bermuda tax law;

•our ability to determine any impairments taken on our investments;

•our ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, including through debt instruments, the capital markets, and third party investments in our joint ventures and managed fund partners;

•our ability to comply with applicable sanctions and foreign corrupt practices laws; and

•our dependence on capital distributions from our operating subsidiaries.

As a consequence, our future financial condition and results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of us. The factors listed above, as well as those discussed in more detail in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors,” in this Form 10-K, should not be construed as exhaustive. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to revise or update forward-looking statements to reflect new information, events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

In this Form 10-K, references to “RenaissanceRe” refer to RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. (the parent company) and references to “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. together with its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise.

Defined terms used throughout this Form 10-K are included in the “Glossary of Defined Terms” at the end of “Part I, Item 1. Business” of this Form 10-K. We have also included a “Glossary of Selected Insurance and Reinsurance Terms” at the end of “Part I, Item 1. Business” of this Form 10-K.

All dollar amounts referred to in this Form 10-K are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated.

Due to rounding, numbers presented in the tables included in this Form 10-K may not add up precisely to the totals provided.

OVERVIEW

RenaissanceRe is a global provider of reinsurance and insurance that specializes in matching desirable risk with efficient capital. We provide property, casualty and specialty reinsurance and certain insurance solutions to customers, principally through intermediaries. Established in 1993, we have offices in Bermuda, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Singapore, Switzerland, the U.K., and the U.S. We are one of the world’s leading providers of property, casualty and specialty reinsurance solutions.

Our core products include property, casualty and specialty reinsurance, and certain insurance products, principally distributed through intermediaries with whom we have cultivated strong long-term relationships. Our business consists of the following reportable segments: (1) Property, which is comprised of catastrophe and other property (re)insurance, and (2) Casualty and Specialty, which is comprised of general casualty, professional liability, credit and other specialty (re)insurance. The underwriting results of our consolidated operating subsidiaries and underwriting platforms are included in our Property and Casualty and Specialty segment results as appropriate.

Our strategy focuses on operating as an integrated system of three competitive advantages: superior risk selection, superior customer relationships and superior capital management. We provide value to our customers and partners in the form of financial security, innovative products, and responsive service. We are known as a leader in paying valid claims promptly.

We have three principal drivers of profit that generate diversified earnings streams for our business - underwriting income, fee income, and investment income. Underwriting income is the income that we earn from our core underwriting business. By accepting the volatility that this business brings, we believe that we can generate superior long-term returns and achieve our vision. Fee income is the income that we earn primarily from managing third-party capital in our Capital Partners unit and is composed of management fee income and performance fee income. Investment income is income derived from the investment portfolio that we maintain to support our business. We take a disciplined approach in building a relatively conservative, well-structured investment portfolio with a focus on fixed income investments. Compared to underwriting income, we view fee income, in particular management fee income, and investment income, as relatively stable, less volatile, and capital efficient sources of income.

We principally measure our financial success through long-term growth in tangible book value per common share plus the change in accumulated dividends. We believe this metric is the most appropriate measure of our financial performance, and in respect of which we believe we have delivered superior performance over time.

Our current business strategy focuses predominantly on writing reinsurance. We also write excess and surplus lines insurance through delegated authority arrangements, and typically underwrite insurance risks in portfolio form. Additionally, we pursue a number of other opportunities, such as creating and managing our joint ventures and managed funds, executing customized reinsurance transactions to assume or cede risk, and managing certain strategic investments. We continually explore appropriate and efficient ways to address the risk management needs of our clients and the impact of various regulatory and legislative changes on our operations. From time to time we consider diversification into new ventures, either through organic growth, the formation of new joint ventures or managed funds, or the acquisition of, or the investment in, other companies or books of business of other companies.

VALIDUS ACQUISITION

On November 1, 2023, we completed the Validus Acquisition in accordance with the Stock Purchase Agreement dated May 22, 2023 between RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. and American International Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation and NYSE-listed company, pursuant to which, upon the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, we, or one of our subsidiaries, purchased, acquired and accepted from certain subsidiaries of AIG, all of their right, title and interest in the shares of Validus Holdings, Ltd. and Validus Specialty, LLC. Substantially all of the assets of Validus Holdings are comprised of its equity interest in its wholly-owned subsidiary, Validus Reinsurance, Ltd. Pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, we also acquired the renewal rights, records and customer relationships of the assumed treaty reinsurance business of Talbot Underwriting Limited, an affiliate of AIG, a specialty (re)insurance group operating within the Lloyd’s market.

In connection with the Validus Acquisition, on November 1, 2023, we paid to AIG aggregate consideration of $2.985 billion, consisting of the following: (i) cash consideration of $2.735 billion; and (ii) 1,322,541 common shares, which were valued at approximately $250.0 million based on a value of $189.03 per share at signing, pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement. The value of the acquisition consideration was $3.020 billion as of the closing date. We also entered into a registration rights agreement with AIG in respect of the shares issued to AIG. AIG also received an option to make a substantial investment into our Capital Partners vehicles, which was exercised effective January 1, 2024.

We believe that the Validus Acquisition has several significant strategic benefits for us. We believe that it advances our strategy as a global property and casualty reinsurer, providing additional scale and increasing our importance with customers and brokers. Through the Validus Acquisition, we gained access to a large, attractive book of reinsurance business that was closely aligned with our existing business mix, accelerating our growth in a favorable market. We believe our increased scale following the Validus Acquisition positions us among the five largest global property and casualty reinsurers. The Validus Acquisition was immediately accretive to our shareholders upon completion. At the same time, we have deepened, and intend to continue to deepen, our relationship with a core trading partner, AIG, who is one of our five largest clients by premium volume, as the Validus Acquisition provides options for increased future strategic engagement.

CORPORATE STRATEGY

Our mission is to match desirable risk with efficient capital to achieve our vision of being the best underwriter. We believe that this will allow us to produce superior returns for our shareholders over the long term, and to fulfill our purpose to protect communities and enable prosperity. Our strategy for achieving these objectives, which is supported by our core values, our principles and our culture, is to operate an integrated system of three competitive advantages: superior customer relationships, superior risk selection and superior capital management. We believe all three competitive advantages are required to achieve our objectives, and we aim to seamlessly coordinate the delivery of these competitive advantages for the benefit of our shareholders, ceding insurers, brokers, investors in our joint ventures and managed funds, and other stakeholders. We believe that we have adopted a focused and unique strategic position within the marketplace as a global reinsurer, and aspire to be a leading aggregator of volatility.

Superior Customer Relationships. We aim to be a trusted long-term partner to our customers for assessing and managing risk and delivering responsive solutions. We believe our modeling and technical expertise, our risk management products, and our track record of keeping our promises have made us a provider of first choice in many lines of business to our customers worldwide. We seek to offer stable, predictable and consistent risk-based pricing and a prompt turnaround on claims.

Superior Risk Selection. We aim to build a portfolio of risks that produces an attractive risk-adjusted return on utilized capital. We develop a perspective of each risk using both our underwriters’ expertise and sophisticated risk selection techniques, including computer models and databases, such as REMS©. We pursue a disciplined approach to underwriting and seek to select only those risks that we believe will produce a portfolio with an attractive return, subject to prudent risk constraints. We manage our portfolio of risks dynamically, both within sub-portfolios and across the Company.

Superior Capital Management. We aim to match the portfolio of risk that we build with the most appropriate form(s) of capital. As a result of our strategy and the diversified nature of our business, we believe that we are uniquely positioned to utilize various forms of capital depending on the situation. We access capital through joint ventures, managed funds, ceded retrocession, debt and equity markets, and other structures to support underwriting opportunities, and we prudently manage our capital position, which may include returning capital when we believe it would be beneficial. When possible, our preference is to deploy any excess capital into profitable business opportunities before returning excess capital to shareholders. In our capital partners business, we aim to leverage our access to business and our underwriting capabilities on an efficient capital base, develop fee income, generate profit commissions, diversify our portfolio, and provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our capital providers.

We believe we are well positioned to fulfill our objectives by virtue of the experience and skill of our management team, our integrated and flexible underwriting and operating platform, our significant financial strength, our strong relationships with brokers, customers and capital partners, our commitment to superior service and our proprietary modeling technology. In particular, we believe our strategy, high performance culture, and commitment to our customers and capital partners help us to differentiate ourselves by offering specialized services and products at times and in markets where capacity and alternatives may be limited.

UNDERWRITING SEGMENTS

Underwriting Income

Our first driver of profit is underwriting income, which we earn on our core underwriting business. Our underwriting results are reflected in our reportable segments: (1) Property, which is comprised of catastrophe and other property (re)insurance written on behalf of our consolidated operating subsidiaries, joint ventures and managed funds; and (2) Casualty and Specialty, which is comprised of general casualty, professional liability, credit and other specialty (re)insurance written on behalf of our consolidated operating subsidiaries, joint ventures and managed funds. Our underwriting results reflect the full value of the business written on behalf of our consolidated operating subsidiaries, joint ventures and managed funds, before we reflect the interests of third-party investors in our consolidated joint ventures and managed funds that are not retained by us.

The following table shows gross premiums written allocated to each of our segments. Operating results relating to our segments are included in “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”



Year ended December 31,	2023				2022				2021
(in thousands, except percentages)	Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written		Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written		Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written
Property	$	3,562,414	40.2	%	$	3,734,241	40.5	%	$	3,958,724	50.5	%
Casualty and Specialty	5,299,952		59.8	%	5,479,299		59.5	%	3,875,074		49.5	%

Total gross premiums written	$	8,862,366	100.0	%	$	9,213,540	100.0	%	$	7,833,798	100.0	%

Across our segments, we write proportional business, excess of loss business, and business through delegated authority arrangements. The business we write through delegated authority arrangements is primarily insurance business. We view our insurance business through a reinsurance lens, with a focus on approaching it as a portfolio of risks. Our relative mix of business between proportional business and excess of loss business has fluctuated in the past and will likely vary in the future. Proportional and delegated authority business typically have relatively higher premiums per unit of expected underwriting income as well as a higher acquisition expense ratio and combined ratio than traditional excess of loss reinsurance, as these coverages tend to be exposed to relatively more attritional, and frequent, losses while being subject to less expected severity.

The following table shows gross premiums written by type of risk in each of our segments:



Year ended December 31, 2023	Property		Casualty and Specialty		Total
(in thousands)
Excess of loss	$	2,468,566	$	857,957	$	3,326,523
Proportional	667,074		4,102,088		4,769,162
Delegated authority	426,774		339,907		766,681
Total gross premiums written	$	3,562,414	$	5,299,952	$	8,862,366

Year ended December 31, 2022
(in thousands)
Excess of loss	$	2,354,919	$	914,607	$	3,269,526
Proportional	785,394		4,092,210		4,877,604
Delegated authority	593,928		472,482		1,066,410
Total gross premiums written	$	3,734,241	$	5,479,299	$	9,213,540

Year ended December 31, 2021
(in thousands)
Excess of loss	$	2,485,999	$	663,749	$	3,149,748
Proportional	924,342		2,853,339		3,777,681
Delegated authority	548,383		357,986		906,369
Total gross premiums written	$	3,958,724	$	3,875,074	$	7,833,798

Property Segment

Our Property segment includes our catastrophe class of business, principally comprised of excess of loss reinsurance and excess of loss retrocessional reinsurance, which insures insurance and reinsurance companies against natural and man-made catastrophes. It also includes our other property class of business, primarily comprised of proportional reinsurance, property per risk, property (re)insurance, binding facilities and regional U.S. multi-line reinsurance, which have exposure to natural and man-made catastrophes.

The following table shows gross premiums written in our Property segment allocated by class of business:



Year ended December 31,	2023				2022				2021
(in thousands, except percentages)	Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written		Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written		Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written
Catastrophe	$	2,146,323	60.2	%	$	2,076,752	55.6	%	$	2,235,736	56.5	%
Other property	1,416,091		39.8	%	1,657,489		44.4	%	1,722,988		43.5	%
Total Property segment gross premiums written	$	3,562,414	100.0	%	$	3,734,241	100.0	%	$	3,958,724	100.0	%

We write catastrophe reinsurance and insurance coverage protecting against natural and man-made catastrophes such as earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons and tsunamis, winter storms, freezes, floods, fires, windstorms, tornadoes, explosions and acts of terrorism. We offer this coverage to insurance companies and other reinsurers primarily on an excess of loss basis. This means we begin paying when our customers’ claims from a catastrophe exceed a certain retained amount. We also offer proportional coverages and other structures on a catastrophe-exposed basis.

Our excess of loss property contracts generally cover natural perils, and our predominant exposure under such coverage is to property damage. However, other risks, including business interruption and other non-property losses, may also be covered under our property reinsurance contracts when arising from a covered peril.

We offer our coverages on a worldwide basis. Because of the wide range of possible catastrophic events to which we are exposed, including the size of such events and the potential for multiple events to occur in the same time period, our property business is volatile and our financial condition and results of operations reflect this volatility. To moderate the volatility of our risk portfolio, we may increase or decrease our presence in the property business based on market conditions and our assessment of risk-adjusted pricing adequacy. We frequently purchase reinsurance or other protection for our own account for a number of reasons, including to optimize the expected outcome of our underwriting portfolio, to manage capital requirements for regulated entities and to reduce the financial impact that a large catastrophe or a series of catastrophes could have on our results.

Casualty and Specialty Segment

We write casualty and specialty reinsurance and insurance across a broad range of classes of business, including general casualty, professional liability, credit and other specialty lines. This business is predominantly reinsurance, although the Company also writes insurance business, primarily through delegated authority arrangements. As a result of our financial strength and stable, long-term relationships with leading underwriters of casualty and specialty insurance globally, we offer significant capacity in this segment.

The following table shows gross premiums written in our Casualty and Specialty segment aggregated by class of business:



Year ended December 31,	2023				2022				2021
(in thousands, except percentages)	Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written		Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written		Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written
General casualty (1)	$	1,730,102	32.6	%	$	1,560,594	28.5	%	$	1,258,536	32.5	%
Professional liability (2)	1,212,393		22.9	%	1,728,570		31.5	%	1,283,864		33.1	%
Credit (3)	769,321		14.5	%	1,062,183		19.4	%	498,946		12.9	%
Other specialty (4)	1,588,136		30.0	%	1,127,952		20.6	%	833,728		21.5	%
Total Casualty and Specialty segment gross premiums written	$	5,299,952	100.0	%	$	5,479,299	100.0	%	$	3,875,074	100.0	%


(1)			Includes automobile liability, casualty clash, employer’s liability, umbrella or excess casualty, workers’ compensation and general liability.
(2)			Includes directors and officers, medical malpractice, professional indemnity and transactional liability.
(3)			Includes financial guaranty, mortgage guaranty, political risk, surety and trade credit.
(4)			Includes accident and health, agriculture, aviation, cyber, energy, marine, satellite and terrorism. Lines of business such as regional multi-line and whole account may have characteristics of various other classes of business, and are allocated accordingly.

We offer our casualty and specialty reinsurance products principally on a proportional basis, and we also provide excess of loss coverage. These products frequently include tailored features such as limits or sub-limits which we believe help us manage our exposures. Any liability exceeding, or otherwise not subject to, such limits reverts to the cedant. Certain casualty and specialty lines of business such as marine, energy and terrorism are also exposed to catastrophe risk, and we seek to appropriately estimate and manage correlations between these lines and our property reinsurance portfolio.

Our Casualty and Specialty segment also offers certain casualty insurance products, including general liability and professional liability lines of business. Syndicate 1458 also writes business through delegated authority arrangements. We write this business in a similar manner to our reinsurance business, and view it through a reinsurance lens, with a focus on approaching it as a portfolio of risks.

Other

In addition to our two reportable segments, we have an Other category. Our Other category primarily includes the results of: (1) our investment unit which manages and invests the funds generated by our consolidated operations; (2) our share of strategic investments in certain markets we believe offer attractive risk-adjusted returns or where we believe our investment adds value, and where, rather than assuming exclusive management responsibilities ourselves, we partner with other market participants; and

(3) corporate expenses, certain expenses related to acquisitions and dispositions, capital servicing costs and noncontrolling interests.

Geographic Breakdown

Our exposures are generally diversified across geographic zones, but are also a function of market conditions and opportunities. Our largest exposure has historically been to the U.S. and Caribbean.

The following table sets forth the amounts and percentages of our gross premiums written by territory of coverage exposure:



Year ended December 31,	2023				2022				2021
(in thousands, except percentages)	Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written		Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written		Gross Premiums Written		Percentage of Gross Premiums Written
Property Segment
U.S. and Caribbean	$	2,303,013	26.0	%	$	2,343,830	25.5	%	$	2,257,088	28.8	%
Worldwide	798,623		9.0	%	1,053,369		11.4	%	1,188,737		15.2	%
Japan	85,823		1.0	%	104,767		1.1	%	114,981		1.5	%
Australia and New Zealand	70,107		0.8	%	86,080		0.9	%	69,188		0.9	%
Europe	163,500		1.9	%	62,998		0.7	%	253,678		3.2	%
Worldwide (excluding U.S.) (1)	70,646		0.8	%	37,436		0.4	%	34,742		0.4	%
Other	70,702		0.8	%	45,761		0.5	%	40,310		0.5	%
Total Property Segment	3,562,414		40.3	%	3,734,241		40.5	%	3,958,724		50.5	%
Casualty and Specialty Segment
U.S. and Caribbean	2,333,096		26.3	%	2,556,466		27.7	%	1,721,663		22.0	%
Worldwide	2,280,687		25.7	%	2,328,030		25.3	%	1,746,450		22.3	%
Europe	197,228		2.2	%	327,831		3.6	%	217,721		2.8	%
Worldwide (excluding U.S.) (1)	130,334		1.5	%	177,746		1.9	%	108,376		1.4	%
Australia and New Zealand	27,397		0.3	%	35,973		0.4	%	29,001		0.4	%

Other	331,210		3.7	%	53,253		0.6	%	51,863		0.6	%
Total Casualty and Specialty Segment	5,299,952		59.7	%	5,479,299		59.5	%	3,875,074		49.5	%

Total gross premiums written	$	8,862,366	100.0	%	$	9,213,540	100.0	%	$	7,833,798	100.0	%

(1)The category “Worldwide (excluding U.S.)” consists of contracts that cover more than one geographic region (other than the U.S.).

Principal Wholly-Owned Operating Subsidiaries

Currently, our principal wholly-owned operating subsidiaries are Renaissance Reinsurance, RREAG, Renaissance Reinsurance U.S., RenaissanceRe Specialty U.S. and Syndicate 1458. Through these subsidiaries we write the property and casualty and specialty (re)insurance that drives our underwriting income.

Renaissance Reinsurance is our primary flagship balance sheet, through which we have broad exposure to a range of risks. Our other balance sheets allow us to optimize where and how we write specific risks, considering geographic location, regulatory flexibility, and the ability to access different markets of risk. For example, RenaissanceRe Specialty U.S. writes excess and surplus U.S. risk which can be supported on a quota share reinsurance or delegated authority basis through managing general agents, and RREAG focuses on writing specialty risks across the European market and in other jurisdictions utilizing its branches and our reinsurance intermediaries. We utilize our integrated and flexible underwriting platform to ensure that risks are matched with the optimal principal wholly-owned operating subsidiary balance sheet. We expect to merge certain Validus entities, including Validus Re and Validus Switzerland, into our existing operating structure.

CAPITAL PARTNERS

Fee Income

We pursue a number of other opportunities, including creating and managing our joint ventures and managed funds, executing structured reinsurance transactions to assume or cede risk and managing certain strategic investments. These opportunities aid us in generating our second driver of profit, the fee income that we earn on our capital management business. Compared to our other drivers of profit, we view fee income as a relatively stable, lower-volatility and capital efficient source of income.

Our capital management business is one of the oldest, largest and most respected in the industry and provides us with a larger capital base, through which we are able to write more business and reach a broader customer base. In addition to the business that we write for our own account, we also write risk with capital provided by third parties. Because we often co-invest alongside our third-party capital providers, we view them as partners in achieving our mission of matching desirable risk with efficient capital. Our third-party capital partners are typically institutional investors seeking investment returns that are less correlated with the broader capital markets.

We believe that we benefit from our ability to optimize our portfolio construction across our vehicles and business through superior risk selection. Our third-party capital partners benefit from our ability to access the best risk and construct high-quality portfolios in tailored geographies to suit their investment needs. At the same time, this business benefits our customers, as it allows us to write more risk in various forms across balance sheets with diversified counterparties. We are also able to offer additional investment opportunities to institutional and other investors to serve as our capital partners and make targeted investments in certain of the products that we offer.

Managed Joint Ventures and Managed Funds

We manage a number of joint ventures and managed funds which provide us with an additional presence in the market, enhance our client relationships and generate fee income and profit commissions. Currently, our principal joint ventures and managed funds include DaVinci, Top Layer, Fontana, Medici, Upsilon and Vermeer.

December 31, 2023

Entity

Consolidated (1)

RenaissanceRe’s Economic Ownership (2)

Generates Management Fee Income (3)

Generates Performance Fee Income (4)

DaVinci

27.8%

Fontana

31.6%

Medici

11.7%

—

Vermeer

—

Top Layer

— (5)

—

Upsilon

X (6)

—

(1)As a result of our controlling voting interest, we consolidate these entities in our financial statements, and third parties’ economic interest in the entities’ net assets and net income are reflected in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations in “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” and “Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests,” respectively.

(2)Represents the Company’s noncontrolling economic ownership in each of the entities.

(3)Management fees are fees that we receive for the day-to-day management and oversight of our joint venture vehicles and managed funds.

(4)Performance fees may be negative in a particular period if, for example, large losses occur, which can potentially result in no performance fees or the reversal of previously accrued performance fees.

(5)Top Layer is not consolidated. It is owned 50% by State Farm and 50% by Renaissance Reinsurance.

(6)Upsilon includes Upsilon RFO and Upsilon Fund. We consolidate the financial results of certain segregated accounts of Upsilon RFO and account for the portion of its premium that we do not own as a ceded retrocession. We do not consolidate the financial results of Upsilon Fund.

DaVinci

We formed DaVinci in 2001 to expand our capacity to provide property catastrophe reinsurance and certain lines of casualty and specialty reinsurance on a global basis. Third-party investors own a majority of the economic interest in DaVinci, which provides them with access to attractive risk while generating a management fee and a performance fee stream of income for us. In addition, we maintain a significant economic investment in DaVinci. We control a majority of the outstanding voting rights in DaVinci, DaVinci Reinsurance’s holding company, and as a result, consolidate DaVinci in our financial results. RUM, a wholly owned subsidiary of RenaissanceRe, acts as the exclusive underwriting manager for DaVinci. Through our operating subsidiaries, principally Renaissance Reinsurance, we participate on every risk that DaVinci Reinsurance assumes, ensuring alignment. From time to time, Renaissance Reinsurance or certain other operating subsidiaries write business for both themselves and DaVinci Reinsurance, and then cede a portion to DaVinci Reinsurance.

Fontana

Fontana assumes casualty and specialty risks, including long-tail lines. Third-party investors own a majority of the economic interest in Fontana, which provides them with access to attractive casualty and specialty risk while generating a management fee and a performance fee stream of income for us. Fontana also allows us to increase casualty and specialty capacity for our customers. We control a majority of the outstanding voting rights in Fontana, and as a result, consolidate it in our financial results. Fontana assumed a whole account quota share of our global casualty and specialty book of business, including the credit portfolio, ensuring alignment. Fontana comprises a group of reinsurance operating companies and their holding companies, in which we maintain a significant economic investment.

Medici

Medici principally invests in property catastrophe bonds, although it may also invest in various other insurance-based investment instruments that have returns primarily correlated to property catastrophe risk. Third-party investors own a majority of the participating, non-voting common shares of Medici, pursuant to which they own a majority of Medici’s economic benefits, which provides them with access to attractive catastrophe bond risks while generating a management fee stream of income for us. Medici allows us to increase our participation in our customers’ catastrophe bond offerings and broaden our relationships with them. We control all of Medici’s outstanding voting rights, and as a result consolidate it in our financial results. RFM, a wholly owned subsidiary of RenaissanceRe, acts as the exclusive investment fund manager of Medici. We maintain a significant investment in Medici.

Vermeer

Vermeer expands our ability to provide capacity focused on risk remote layers in the U.S. property catastrophe market. We maintain majority voting control of Vermeer, and as a result consolidate it in our financial results. Stichting Pensioenfonds Zorg en Welzijn, a pension fund represented by PGGM, retains 100% of Vermeer’s economic benefits. Vermeer is managed by RUM in return for a management fee. We separately participate in the risks written by Vermeer through our wholly-owned balance sheets.

Top Layer

We established Top Layer in 1999 to expand our ability to write high excess non-U.S. property catastrophe reinsurance. Top Layer is owned 50% by State Farm and 50% by Renaissance Reinsurance, although State Farm provides the majority of Top Layer’s underwriting capacity through a $3.9 billion stop-loss reinsurance agreement, and therefore State Farm retains most of Top Layer’s underwriting results. Since we do not control Top Layer, we do not consolidate it in our financial results. Top Layer is managed by RUM in return for a management fee. We maintain a significant investment in Top Layer.

Upsilon

Upsilon is composed of Upsilon RFO and Upsilon Fund. Upsilon RFO is the risk bearing entity. As a segregated accounts company, Upsilon RFO holds identified pools of assets and liabilities in accounts that are each ring-fenced or segregated from any claims from the creditors of Upsilon RFO’s general account and from the creditors of other segregated accounts within Upsilon RFO. Upsilon RFO’s segregated accounts enter into collateralized reinsurance arrangements, and each account’s capital is sourced either directly from third-party investors, or from Upsilon Fund. We consolidate the financial results of certain accounts of Upsilon RFO and account for the portion of its premium that we do not own as a ceded

retrocession. Upsilon gives us the ability to provide additional capacity to the worldwide aggregate and per-occurrence primary and retrocessional markets on a collateralized basis, either directly, or through business written by Renaissance Reinsurance and then ceded to Upsilon RFO.

Upsilon Fund is also a segregated accounts company, and each account acts as either a pool of assets from multiple investors, such as Upsilon Diversified, or as a separately-managed account for an individual institutional investor, such as NOC1. Upsilon Fund’s segregated accounts invest in either Upsilon RFO, or in other reinsurance risks that are managed by us. Upsilon Fund is managed by RFM in return for a management fee and a performance fee. We do not consolidate Upsilon Fund. We maintain a significant investment in Upsilon RFO.

AlphaCat

In connection with the Validus Acquisition, we acquired AlphaCat Managers, which manages third-party capital in various forms, including through closed-end and open-end Bermuda mutual funds and one managed account, collectively, the “AlphaCat Funds”, which currently generate fee income. The AlphaCat Funds are primarily funded by third-party capital investors and controlled by external boards unaffiliated with us. The AlphaCat Funds are invested in various risk-linked instruments through variable funding notes issued by AlphaCat Re, AlphaCat Master Fund and OmegaCat Re, which give investors access to a range of property catastrophe risks. Prior to the Validus Acquisition, substantially all of the AlphaCat Funds had received full redemption requests from their investors and capital was being released accordingly, subject to certain constraints. We expect to run off this business over a period of time.

Noncontrolling Interest

We manage DaVinci, Fontana, Medici, and Vermeer, and own all or a majority of the voting interests, but own no, or a minority, economic interest of each. As a result of our controlling voting interests, we fully consolidate these entities in our financial statements, even though we do not retain the full value of economic outcomes generated by these entities. The portions of the economic outcomes that are not retained by us are ultimately allocated to the third-party investors who hold the noncontrolling interests in these entities. The economic outcomes may include underwriting results, investments results, and foreign exchange impacts, among other items. For example, if one of these entities were to generate underwriting losses due to a natural catastrophe, the full amount would be reflected in net income (loss) on our consolidated statement of operations, but ultimately we would only retain the portion of that amount corresponding to our economic interest in the vehicle in the net income (loss) attributable to RenaissanceRe. In the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations, the aggregated portion of these various economic outcomes attributable to third parties is reflected in the “Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests” line item.

Refer to “Note 9. Noncontrolling Interests” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our redeemable noncontrolling interests and how this accounting treatment impacts the Company’s financial results.

Other Transactions

From time to time, we pursue other customized reinsurance and financing transactions. For example, we have participated in, and continuously analyze, other attractive opportunities in the market for insurance-linked securities and derivatives. We believe our products contain a number of customized features designed to fit the needs of our capital partners, as well as our risk management objectives.

INVESTMENTS

Investment Income

Our investment portfolio generates our third driver of profit, investment income. We structure our investment portfolio to emphasize the preservation of capital and the availability of liquidity to meet our claims obligations, to be well diversified across market sectors, and to generate relatively attractive returns on a risk-adjusted basis over time.

Our investment portfolio serves as a stable capital base against which we can underwrite risk, and also allows us to generate relatively attractive investment income and returns over time. Our investment portfolio includes both investments that we make on behalf of the Company and whose investment results are fully

retained by the Company, as well as investments that we manage on behalf of our joint ventures and managed funds, in which we retain only a partial economic interest.

The majority of our investments are highly-rated fixed income securities. We also hold a significant amount of short-term investments which have a maturity of one year or less when purchased. In addition, we hold other investments, including catastrophe bonds, fund investments, term loans and direct private equity investments, which offer the potential for higher returns but with relatively higher levels of risk. Our investment portfolio takes into account the duration of our liabilities and the level of strategic asset risk we wish to assume over the medium- to long-term. We may from time to time re-evaluate our investment guidelines and explore investment allocations to other asset classes that either increase or decrease our overall asset risk. To further the sustainability of our investment portfolio, we consider certain environmental, social and governance factors within our investment strategy. Our investments are subject to market-wide risks and fluctuations, as well as to risks inherent in particular securities.

For additional information regarding our investment portfolio, refer to “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources—Investments” and “Note 5. Investments” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.”

Strategic Investments

We also pursue strategic investments where, rather than assuming exclusive management responsibilities ourselves, we partner with other market participants. These investments may be directed at classes of risk other than catastrophe reinsurance, and at times may also be directed at non-insurance risks. We find these investments attractive because of their target risk-adjusted returns, and because of their ability to help advance our business objectives and capabilities. We believe that our strategic investments provide us with enhanced risk access and information on markets that are core to our business, as well as potential new markets for future growth consideration. For example, we have strategic investments in the Tower Hill Companies which grant us access to participants in the Florida homeowners insurance market.

COMPETITION

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. Our competitors include independent reinsurance and insurance companies, subsidiaries, divisions and/or affiliates of globally recognized insurance companies, domestic and international underwriting operations, such as managing general agents, as well as a range of other entities offering risk transfer protection on a collateralized or other non-traditional basis. As our business and the (re)insurance industry continue to evolve, we expect our competitors to evolve as well, and we may face competition from other non-traditional participants, such as technology or Insurtech companies, among others.

We believe that our principal competitors are traditional insurance and reinsurance companies, but also include third-party capital managers. We also compete with certain Lloyd’s syndicates active in the London market. Hedge funds, pension funds and endowments, investment banks, insurance exchanges and other capital market participants may also be active in the reinsurance market and the market for related risk, either through the formation of reinsurance companies or through the use of financial products, such as catastrophe bonds and other insurance-linked securities.

RISK MANAGEMENT

Underwriting Risk Management

Our primary underwriting goal is to construct a portfolio of reinsurance and insurance contracts and other financial risks that maximizes our return on shareholders’ equity, subject to prudent risk constraints, and to generate long-term growth in tangible book value per common share plus the change in accumulated dividends. We assess each new (re)insurance contract on the basis of the expected incremental return relative to the incremental contribution to portfolio risk.

We have developed a proprietary pricing and exposure management system, REMS©, which has analytic and modeling capabilities that help us to assess the risk and return of each incremental (re)insurance contract in relation to our overall portfolio of (re)insurance contracts. We believe that REMS© is a robust underwriting and risk management system that has been successfully integrated into our business

processes and culture. In conjunction with pricing models that we run outside of REMS©, the REMS© framework encompasses and facilitates risk capture, analysis, correlation, portfolio aggregation and capital allocation within a single system for all of our natural and non-natural hazards (re)insurance contracts. We continue to invest in and improve REMS©, incorporating our underwriting and modeling experience and adding proprietary software and industry data. We believe that the expertise and tools are state of the art and have been fully embedded in our underwriting processes.

We generally utilize a multiple model/method approach when evaluating a proposed transaction, combining both probabilistic and deterministic techniques. We combine the analyses generated by REMS© with other information and other model inputs available to us, including our own knowledge of the client submitting the proposed program, to assess the premium offered against the risk of loss and the cost of utilized capital which the program presents. The underlying risk models integrated into our underwriting and REMS© framework are a combination of internally constructed and commercially available models. We use commercially available models to assist with validating and stress testing our base model and REMS© results.

Before we bind a (re)insurance risk, exposure data, historical loss information and other risk data is gathered from customers. Using a combination of proprietary software, underwriting experience, actuarial techniques and engineering expertise, the exposure data is reviewed and augmented, as we deem appropriate. We use this data as primary inputs into the REMS© modeling system as a base to create risk distributions to represent the risk being evaluated. We believe that the REMS© modeling system helps us to analyze each contract on a consistent basis, assisting our determination of what we believe to be an appropriate price to charge for each policy based upon the risk to be assumed. In part, through the process described above and the utilization of REMS©, we seek to compare our estimate of the expected returns in respect of a contract with the amount of capital we notionally allocate to the contract based on our estimate of its marginal impact on our portfolio of risks. A key advantage of our REMS© framework is our ability to include additional perils, risks and geographic areas that may not be captured in commercially available natural hazards risk models.

We periodically review the estimates and assumptions that are reflected in REMS© and our other tools, driven either by new hazard science and understanding or by experience of loss events. We continually monitor frequency and severity trends for our casualty lines of business, in particular emerging trends toward higher levels of social inflation. Where appropriate, we are able to shift our business mix away from classes and industry sectors that are particularly sensitive to higher social inflation trends. More generally, our team of scientists at RenaissanceRe Risk Sciences Inc. have been tracking the influence of climate change to better understand the impact of natural catastrophes on our business.

Our underwriters use the combination of our risk assessment and underwriting process, REMS© and other tools in their pricing decisions, which we believe provides them with several competitive advantages. These include the ability to: (i) simulate a range of potential outcomes that adequately represents the risk to an individual contract; (ii) analyze the incremental impact of an individual reinsurance contract on our overall portfolio; (iii) better assess the underlying exposures associated with assumed retrocessional business; (iv) price contracts within a short time frame; (v) capture various classes of risk, including catastrophe and other insurance risks; (vi) assess risk across multiple entities (including our various joint ventures and managed funds) and across different components of our capital structure; and (vii) provide consistent pricing information. As part of our risk management process, we also use REMS© to assist us, as a retrocedant, with the purchase of reinsurance coverage for our own account.

Our underwriting and risk management process, in conjunction with REMS©, quantifies and manages our exposure to claims from single events and the exposure to losses from a series of events. As part of our pricing and underwriting process, we also assess a variety of other factors, including: (i) the reputation of the proposed cedant and the likelihood of establishing a long-term relationship with the cedant; (ii) the geographic area in which the cedant does business and its market share; (iii) historical loss data for the cedant and, where available, for the industry as a whole in the relevant regions and lines of business, in order to compare the cedant’s historical catastrophe loss experience to industry averages; (iv) the cedant’s pricing strategies; and (v) the perceived financial strength of the cedant and factors such as the cedant’s historical record of making premium payments in full and on a timely basis.

In order to estimate the risk profile of each line of non-natural hazard reinsurance (i.e., our casualty and specialty lines of business), we establish probability distributions and assess the correlations with the rest of

our portfolio. In casualty and specialty lines with catastrophe risk, such as marine, energy and terrorism, we seek to directly leverage our skill in modeling property reinsurance risks, and aim to appropriately estimate and manage the correlations between these casualty and specialty lines and our property reinsurance portfolio. For other classes of business, in which we believe we have little or no natural catastrophe exposure, and therefore less correlation with our property reinsurance coverages, we derive probability distributions from a variety of underlying information sources, including recent historical experience, and the application of judgment as appropriate. The nature of some of these businesses lends itself less to the analysis we use for our property reinsurance coverages, reflecting both the nature of available exposure information, and the impact of human factors such as tort exposure. We produce probability distributions to represent our estimates of the related underlying risks which our products cover, which we believe helps us to make consistent underwriting decisions and to manage our total risk portfolio.

In addition, we also produce, utilize, and report on models which measure our utilization of capital in light of regulatory capital considerations and constraints. Our position in respect of these regulatory capital models is reviewed by our risk management professional staff and periodically reported to and reviewed by senior underwriting personnel and executive management with responsibility for our regulated operating entities.

Enterprise Risk Management

We believe that high-quality and effective ERM is best achieved when it is a shared cultural value throughout the organization and consider ERM to be a key process which is the responsibility of every individual at RenaissanceRe. We have developed and utilize tools and processes we believe support a culture of risk management and create a robust framework of ERM within our organization. We believe that our ERM processes and practices help us to identify potential events that may affect us, quantify, evaluate and manage the risks to which we are exposed, and provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of our objectives. We also believe that effective ERM assists our efforts to minimize the likelihood of suffering financial outcomes in excess of the ranges which we have estimated in respect of specific investments, underwriting decisions, or other operating or business activities, including cybersecurity risks, although we do not believe this risk can be eliminated. In particular, we utilize our risk management tools to support our efforts to monitor our capital and liquidity positions on a consolidated basis and for each of our major operating subsidiaries, and to allocate an appropriate amount of capital to support the risks we have assumed in the aggregate and for each of our major operating subsidiaries.

Our Board and its committees are responsible for overseeing enterprise-wide risk management and are actively involved in the monitoring of risks that could affect us. The members of the Board have regular, direct access to the senior executives and other officers responsible for identifying and monitoring our risks and coordinating our ERM, including our Group Chief Risk Officer, Chief Portfolio Officer, Group Chief Underwriting Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Group General Counsel, each of whom reports directly to our Chief Executive Officer, as well as other senior personnel such as our Chief Investment Officer, Chief Compliance Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Global Corporate Controller and Head of Internal Audit. The Board also receives regular reports from the Operational Risk and Resilience Committee, which includes members of senior management, compliance professionals and others and oversees policies and procedures relating to accounting, financial reporting, internal controls, legal and regulatory matters, and complex transactions, among other matters.

Our ERM framework operates via a three lines of defense model. The first line of defense consists of individual functions that deliberately assume risks on our behalf and own and manage risk within the Company on a day-to-day and business operational basis. The second line of defense is responsible for risk oversight and also supports the first line to understand and manage risk. A dedicated risk team led by the Group Chief Risk Officer is responsible for this second line and reports to the Board’s Investment and Risk Management Committee and the Chief Executive Officer. The third line of defense, our Internal Audit team, reports to the Audit Committee of the Board and provides independent, objective assurance as to the assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of our internal control systems and also coordinates risk-based audits and compliance reviews and other specific initiatives to evaluate and address risk within targeted areas of our business.

The principal risk areas that make up our ERM framework are assumed risk (including reserve risk), business environment risk and operational risk:

•Assumed Risk. We define assumed risk as activities where we deliberately take risk against our capital base, including underwriting risks and other quantifiable risks such as credit risk and market risk as they relate to investments, ceded reinsurance credit risk and strategic investment risk, each of which can be analyzed in substantial part through quantitative tools and techniques. Of these, we believe underwriting risk to be the most material to us. In order to understand, monitor, quantify and proactively assess underwriting risk, we seek to develop and deploy appropriate tools to estimate the comparable expected returns on potential business opportunities and the impact that such incremental business could have on our overall risk profile. We use the tools and methods described above in “Underwriting” to seek to achieve these objectives. Embedded within our consideration of assumed risk is our management of our aggregate, consolidated risk profile. In part through the utilization of REMS© and our other systems and procedures, we analyze our in-force aggregate assumed risk portfolio on a daily basis. We believe this capability helps us to manage our aggregate exposures and to rigorously analyze and evaluate individual proposed transactions in the context of our in-force portfolio. This aggregation process captures line of business, segment and corporate risk profiles, calculates internal and external capital tests and explicitly models ceded reinsurance. Generally, additional data is added quarterly to our aggregate risk framework to reflect updated or new information or estimates relating to matters such as interest rate risk, credit risk, capital adequacy and liquidity. This information is used in day-to-day decision making for underwriting, investments and operations and is also reviewed quarterly from both a unit level and consolidated financial position perspective. We also regularly assess, monitor and review our regulatory risk capital and related constraints.

•Reserve Risk. Reserve risk is a subcomponent of assumed risk. We define reserve risk as the risks related to our reserve for net claims and claim expenses, including the amount, both absolute and relative, of our reserve for net claims and claim expenses, and the impact of economic, social, legal and regulatory matters. Our reserve for net claims and claim expenses is subject to significant uncertainty and has the potential to develop adversely in future periods. While reserve risk may increase in both absolute terms and relative to its overall consideration in our ERM framework, we employ robust resources, procedures and technology to identify, understand, quantify and manage this risk. Our reserving methodologies and sensitivities for each respective line of business described in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates—Claims and Claim Expense Reserves.”

•Business Environment Risk. We define business environment risk as the risk of changes in the business, political or regulatory environment that could negatively impact our short term or long-term financial results or the markets in which we operate. This risk area also typically includes emerging risks. These risks are predominately extrinsic to us and our ability to alter or eliminate these risks is limited, so we focus our efforts on monitoring developments, assessing potential impacts of any changes, and investing in cost effective means to attempt to mitigate the consequences of, and ensure compliance with, any new requirements applicable to us.

•Operational Risk. We are subject to a number of additional risks arising out of operational, regulatory, and other matters. We define operational risk to include the risk that we fail to create, manage, control or mitigate the people, processes, structures or functions required to execute our strategic and tactical plans and assemble an optimized portfolio of assumed risk, and to adjust to and comply with the evolving requirements of business environment risk applicable to us. In light of the rapid evolution of our markets, business environment, and business initiatives, we seek to continually invest in the tools, processes and procedures we use to mitigate our exposure to operational risk on a cost-effective basis. As with assumed risk and business environment risk, operational risk presents intrinsic uncertainties, and we may fail to appropriately identify or mitigate applicable operational risk.

We address other areas of operational risk through our business continuity and incident response program, human resource practices such as motivating and retaining top talent, our strict tax protocols and our legal and regulatory policies and procedures.

Environmental and Climate Change Matters

Our principal economic exposures arise from our coverages for natural disasters and catastrophes. We believe, and believe the consensus view of current scientific studies substantiates, that changes in climate conditions, primarily global temperatures and expected sea levels, have increased, and are likely to continue to increase, the severity and frequency of weather related natural disasters and catastrophes relative to the historical experience over the past 100 years. While it is difficult to distinguish between permanent climate change and transient climate variability, an ever expanding body of research suggests that these trends are in fact man-made, and, if correct, we believe that this trend will not revert to the mean but continue to worsen. We believe that this increase in severe weather, coupled with currently projected demographic trends in catastrophe-exposed regions, contributes to factors that will increase the average economic value of expected losses, increase the number of people exposed per year to natural disasters and in general exacerbate disaster risk, including risks to infrastructure, global supply chains and agricultural production. Accordingly, we expect an increase in both the frequency and magnitude of claims, especially from properties located in coastal areas.

The consideration of the impacts of climate change is integral to our ERM process. We have taken measures to mitigate losses related to climate change through our underwriting process and by continuously monitoring and adjusting our risk management models to reflect the higher level of risk that we think will persist. We have been progressively integrating the consideration of the financial risk of climate change into our governance frameworks, risk management processes, and business strategies over the past several years, and many of our regulators are increasingly focused on these and other climate change disclosures.

Additionally, as a (re)insurance company, we believe that we play a role in helping to facilitate the transition to a lower-carbon economy through three primary means: (i) by assuming risk, to promote the liquidity and capital necessary to enable the orderly transition of industries, businesses and society towards a lower carbon future; (ii) as an asset owner, by using our investment portfolio to promote a low-carbon future; and (iii) through our business operations, by striving to reduce our operational carbon footprint.

Our Board and its committees are actively engaged in the oversight of sustainability initiatives and receive regular reports from management on progress and developments.

In addition to the impacts that environmental incidents have on our business, there has been a proliferation of governmental and regulatory initiatives and scrutiny related to climate change and greenhouse gases, which may also affect our business. For example, the EU recently adopted the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) that will require disclosure of the risks and opportunities arising from social and environmental issues, and on the impact of companies’ activities on people and the environment. The SEC has also included in its regulatory agenda potential rulemaking on climate change disclosures that, if adopted, could significantly increase compliance burdens and associated regulatory costs and complexity.

RATINGS

Financial strength ratings are an important factor in evaluating and establishing the competitive position of reinsurance and insurance companies. We have received high claims-paying and financial strength ratings from A.M. Best, S&P, Moody’s and Fitch. Rating organizations continually review the financial positions of our principal operating subsidiaries and joint ventures and ratings may be revised or revoked by the agencies which issue them. Additionally, rating organizations may make changes in their capital models and rating methodologies, which could have a material impact on our business.

In addition, S&P and A.M. Best assess companies’ ERM practices, which is an opinion on the many critical dimensions of risk that determine overall creditworthiness. RenaissanceRe has been assigned an ERM score of “Very Strong” from each of these agencies, which is the highest ERM score assigned. Certain of our entities and the senior notes and preference shares issued by them also have issuer credit ratings.

See “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources—Ratings” for the ratings of our principal operating subsidiaries and joint ventures by segment, and details of recent ratings actions.

RESERVES FOR CLAIMS AND CLAIM EXPENSES

We believe the most significant accounting judgment made by management is our estimate of claims and claim expense reserves. Claims and claim expense reserves represent estimates, including actuarial and statistical projections at a given point in time, of the ultimate settlement and administration costs for unpaid claims and claim expenses arising from the insurance and reinsurance contracts we sell. Our claims and claim expense reserves are a combination of case reserves, additional case reserves (ACR) and incurred but not reported losses and incurred but not enough reported losses, collectively referred to as IBNR. Case reserves are losses reported to us by insureds and ceding companies, but which have not yet been paid. If deemed necessary and in certain situations, we establish ACR which represents our estimates for claims related to specific contracts which we believe may not be adequately estimated by the client as of that date or within the IBNR. We establish IBNR using actuarial techniques and expert judgement to represent the anticipated cost of claims which have not been reported to us yet or where we anticipate increased reporting. Our reserving committee, which includes members of our senior management, reviews, discusses, and assesses the reasonableness and adequacy of the reserving estimates included in our audited consolidated financial statements. Because of the nature of the coverages that we provide, the amount and timing of the cash flows associated with our policy liabilities will fluctuate, perhaps significantly, and, therefore, are highly uncertain.

Our reserving techniques, assumptions and processes differ among our Property and Casualty and Specialty segments. Refer to “Note 8. Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more information on the risks we insure and reinsure, the reserving techniques, assumptions and processes we follow to estimate our claims and claim expense reserves, prior year development of the reserve for claims and claim expenses, analysis of our incurred and paid claims development and claims duration information for each of our Property and Casualty and Specialty segments. In addition, refer to “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates—Claims and Claim Expense Reserves” for more information on our current estimates versus our initial estimates of our claims reserves, and sensitivity analysis for each of our Property and Casualty and Specialty segments.

MARKETING

We believe that our modeling and technical expertise, the risk management products we provide to our customers, and our reputation for paying valid claims promptly has enabled us to become a provider of first choice in many lines of business to our customers worldwide. We market our products primarily through reinsurance brokers and we focus our marketing efforts on targeted brokers and partners. We believe that our existing portfolio of business, including the additional business from the Validus Acquisition, is a valuable asset and, therefore, we attempt to continually strengthen relationships with our existing brokers and customers. We believe that by maintaining close relationships with brokers, we are able to obtain access to a broad range of potential reinsureds.

We believe that primary insurers’ and brokers’ willingness to use a particular reinsurer is based not just on pricing, but also on the financial security of the reinsurer, its claim paying ability ratings and demonstrated willingness to promptly pay valid claims, the quality of a reinsurer’s service, the reinsurer’s willingness and ability to design customized programs, its long-term stability and its commitment to provide stable reinsurance capacity across market cycles.

Our portfolio of business continues to be characterized by relatively large transactions with ceding companies with whom we do business, although no current relationship exceeds 10% of our gross premiums written.

Our brokers assess client needs and also perform data collection, contract preparation and other administrative tasks, enabling us to market our products cost effectively. Our distribution is reliant on a small number of broker relationships, which has continued to decrease in recent years as a result of consolidation in the broker sector. We expect this concentration to continue. In 2023, three brokerage firms accounted for 84.3% of our gross premiums written.

The following table shows the percentage of our Property and Casualty and Specialty segments’ gross premiums written generated through subsidiaries and affiliates of our largest brokers:



Year ended December 31, 2023	Property		Casualty and Specialty		Total

Aon plc	49.2	%	27.3	%	36.1	%
Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc.	29.5	%	35.7	%	33.2	%
Arthur J. Gallagher	5.0	%	21.7	%	15.0	%
Total of largest brokers	83.7	%	84.7	%	84.3	%
All others	16.3	%	15.3	%	15.7	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES

Human Capital Resources Oversight

At RenaissanceRe, our people are our most valuable resource and are core to our success. We believe in fostering an open and collaborative culture that encourages employees to take ownership of their performance and development. Our executive management team is committed to creating an environment where every person on our team can succeed. The Corporate Governance and Human Capital Management Committee of our Board is actively engaged in the oversight of our employees, work environment, DEI initiatives and compensation practices, and receives regular updates from management on progress and developments, and our executive management team and Corporate Governance and Human Capital Management Committee receive regular reports on progress against our annual human resources tactical plans.

Employees

At February 14, 2024, we employed 925 people worldwide (February 3, 2023 - 731, February 2, 2022 - 664). Of these employees, 267 were located in Bermuda, 255 in the U.S. and Canada, 376 in Europe and 27 in the Asia-Pacific region. While our overall headcount has increased as a result of the Validus Acquisition, some of this increase is related to transitional employees.

Talent Acquisition, Development, and Retention

We strive to hire talented people and invest heavily in their development to aid them in their professional and personal growth. As employees grow at RenaissanceRe, we support them in mastering specific competencies at each career level, and we believe our Career Development Framework provides all our employees with tools to facilitate career growth at RenaissanceRe. We also invest in the professional growth of our leaders through customized leadership development programs to build advanced skills and capabilities across a diverse set of participants within the organization. Our bespoke approach to development encourages continuous learning through skills-based training, technical development and stretch assignments. We aim to attract, motivate, reward and retain the best people by aligning our performance management practices with our compensation and benefits programs.

Work Environment

We endeavor to provide a safe, healthy and supportive work environment that promotes the well-being of our employees and the value that they contribute to our global organization. We actively encourage open dialogue with our employees, and conduct regular surveys to measure employee satisfaction and engagement, allowing us to ensure that lower-scoring areas are addressed and clear guidance and support is provided.

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Initiatives

We believe that by seeking diversity, creating equity and practicing inclusion we will build an even stronger culture and company. Our cross-functional DEI Executive Council, chaired by our Chief Portfolio Officer, sets our DEI strategy, identifying focus areas such as raising awareness of DEI throughout our organization, enhancing our recruitment and selection process, and furthering equity around leadership opportunities and development. Our DEI governance structure also includes local advisory committees responsible for implementation at a country level.

Compensation Practices

We design our compensation programs to incorporate a range of components that we believe help to attract and retain talented individuals and mitigate potential risks, while rewarding employees for pursuing our strategic and financial objectives through appropriate risk taking, risk management and prudent tactical and strategic decision making. We strive to provide fair and living employee wages that are competitive and consistent with employee positions, skill levels, experience, knowledge and geographic location. We do this by performing regular market checks of our competitive pay programs in each of our locations, as well as an annual pay cycle review where we assess each employee’s pay levels.

REGULATION

Most countries and all U.S. states regulate (re)insurance business to varying degrees. We currently operate in Australia, Bermuda, Canada, Ireland, Singapore, Switzerland, the U.K. and the U.S. Our operating subsidiaries are principally regulated by the regulatory authorities of their respective jurisdictions, and may also be subject to regulation in the jurisdictions of their ceding companies. Expansion into additional (re)insurance markets could expose us or our subsidiaries to increasing regulatory oversight. However, we intend to continue to conduct our operations so as to minimize the likelihood that our Bermuda subsidiaries will become subject to direct U.S. regulation.

On November 1, 2023, we completed the Validus Acquisition, and became subject to increased regulation in various jurisdictions where we have historically operated, including Bermuda, Switzerland and the U.S., as well as in new jurisdictions, including Canada.

Bermuda Regulation

Overview. Generally, Bermuda companies must comply with the provisions of the Bermuda Companies Act 1981. Bermuda-registered insurance companies and management companies are also regulated under the Bermuda Insurance Act 1978 and related regulations, which impose various requirements depending on a company’s classification under the Insurance Act. The Insurance Act imposes solvency and liquidity standards as well as auditing and reporting requirements, and confers on the BMA powers to supervise, investigate and intervene in the affairs of insurance companies. As a holding company, RenaissanceRe is not directly regulated as an insurer under the Insurance Act.

Our entities registered under the Insurance Act include:

•Class 4 general business insurers: Renaissance Reinsurance, Validus Re, Validus Switzerland, Bermuda Branch, and DaVinci Reinsurance

•Class 3B general business insurers: RenaissanceRe Specialty U.S., Vermeer and RREAG, Bermuda Branch

•Class 3A general business insurers: Top Layer, Fontana Reinsurance Ltd. and Fontana Reinsurance U.S. Ltd.

•Class 3 general business insurer: AlphaCat Re, Mont Fort Re Ltd. and Shima Reinsurance Ltd.

•Collateralized insurer: Upsilon RFO

•Insurance managers: RUM and RenaissanceRe Underwriting Management Ltd.

The European Commission recognizes Bermuda’s regulatory regime as achieving Solvency II equivalence for its commercial (re)insurers and insurance groups.

From time to time, RenaissanceRe’s Bermuda-registered entities may apply for, and be granted, certain modifications to, or exemptions from, regulatory requirements which may otherwise apply to them.

Group Supervision. The BMA is the group supervisor of the RenaissanceRe Group and it has designated Renaissance Reinsurance to be the “designated insurer” in respect of the RenaissanceRe Group. The designated insurer is required to ensure that the RenaissanceRe Group complies with the provisions of the Insurance Act pertaining to groups and all related group solvency and group supervision rules.

The BMA has certain powers of investigation and intervention, relating to Bermuda-registered entities and their holding companies, subsidiaries and other affiliates, including the power to cancel a Bermuda-registered entity’s registration, which it may exercise in the interest of such an insurer’s policyholders or if

there is any risk of insolvency or a breach of the Insurance Act or the license conditions of a Bermuda-registered entity.

Disclosure and Reporting Requirements. At the group level, the RenaissanceRe Group is required to file group statutory financial statements, a group capital and solvency return, audited group financial statements, and a group solvency self-assessment on an annual basis with the BMA and submit a quarterly financial return to the BMA. At the entity level, both general and statutory audited annual financial statements for our Bermuda registered insurers must be filed with the BMA, and are available free of charge on the BMA’s website. Certain insurers and insurance groups are also required to prepare and publish a Financial Condition Report, or “FCR.” We file a consolidated group FCR, inclusive of Renaissance Reinsurance, RenaissanceRe Specialty U.S., Validus Re, DaVinci Reinsurance, Top Layer, Fontana Re, Fontana US and Vermeer. RREAG and Validus Switzerland each file a separate FCR in lieu of a standalone FCR for their Bermuda Branches. Our FCRs are available on our website. In addition, general business insurers are generally required to file an annual capital and solvency return, or “BSCR,” with the BMA. The BSCR is a risk-based capital model designed to give the BMA robust methods for determining an insurer’s capital adequacy. Our 2022 group BSCR exceeded the target capital level. We are currently completing our 2023 group BSCR, and at this time, we believe we will exceed the target capital. At this time, we believe each company that is required to file will exceed the minimum amount required to be maintained under Bermuda law.

The Insurance Act requires that the BMA be notified in writing when any person becomes, or ceases to be, a “controller” (as defined by applicable regulations to include significant shareholders, managing directors, and chief executives of the registered insurer or its parent company) of any Bermuda registered insurer or an “officer” (as defined by applicable regulations) of any Bermuda registered insurer or its parent company. We must also file with the BMA any changes to an “officer” or “controller” (as such are defined by applicable regulations) of our insurance managers. All registered insurers are required to give notice to the BMA of their intention to effect a material change within the meaning of the Insurance Act.

Capital, Solvency, and Liquidity Requirements. Certain solvency requirements apply to all Bermuda companies under the Bermuda Companies Act 1981. Additional requirements apply to insurance companies and insurance groups. At the group level, the value of the insurance group’s statutory assets must exceed the amount of the insurance group’s statutory liabilities by the group minimum solvency margin. At the entity level, where applicable, a general business insurer’s statutory assets must exceed its statutory liabilities by an amount equal to or greater than the prescribed minimum solvency margin. The minimum solvency margin is determined on the basis of registration category and the net premiums written and loss reserves posted. The most stringent solvency requirements are applicable to our Class 4 general business insurers, and require: the greater of (i) $100.0 million, (ii) 50% of net premiums written (with a credit for reinsurance ceded not exceeding 25% of gross premiums), (iii) 15% of net aggregate loss and loss expense provisions and other insurance reserves, or (iv) 25% of its ECR. Additional regulations apply to the determination of the types of capital instruments that may be used to satisfy the solvency requirements.

RenaissanceRe and certain of our Bermuda-registered insurers are also generally required to maintain available statutory economic capital and surplus at a level at least equal to their ECR, which level may be adjusted by the BMA. The BMA has established a target capital level applicable to certain registration categories, and to insurance groups, equal to 120% of the applicable ECR, which is not a required level of statutory economic capital and surplus, but serves as an early warning tool for the BMA. Failure to maintain statutory capital at least equal to the target capital level would likely result in increased BMA regulatory oversight. An insurer engaged in general business is generally required to maintain a minimum liquidity ratio equal to the value of its relevant assets at not less than 75% of the amount of its relevant liabilities.

Restrictions on Dividends, Distributions and Reductions of Capital. Our Bermuda-registered insurers are generally prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends if in breach of the required minimum solvency margin or minimum liquidity ratio, or if the declaration or payment of such dividend would cause them to fail to meet the required minimum solvency margin or minimum liquidity ratio or if certain solvency requirements are not met. Additional restrictions apply to any dividend and any reduction in statutory capital over applicable thresholds.

Income Taxes. Currently, neither we nor our shareholders are required to pay Bermuda income or profits tax, withholding tax, capital gains tax, capital transfer tax, estate duty or inheritance tax in respect of our shares. However, on December 27, 2023, the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023 was enacted. As a result, certain Bermuda businesses which are part of large multinational groups will be subject to a 15% corporate income tax in Bermuda for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025, regardless of any assurance

given pursuant to the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act 1966. We expect our Bermuda operations, except the Bermuda operations of our joint ventures and managed funds, will be subject to the Bermuda corporate income tax starting in 2025.

Additional Rules and Regulations: Certain of our Bermuda-registered entities are subject to additional regulatory requirements, including the following:

•Insurance Code of Conduct. All Bermuda registered insurers are required to comply with the BMA’s Insurance Code of Conduct, which establishes duties, requirements and standards regarding sound corporate governance, risk management and internal controls.

•Special Purpose Insurer and Collateralized Insurer Reporting Requirements. Unlike other (re)insurers, SPIs and collateralized insurers are fully funded to meet their (re)insurance obligations; therefore the application and supervision processes are less burdensome than traditional registered general business insurers. However, these entities remain subject to annual financial statements and solvency reporting and disclosure requirements.

•Insurance Manager Reporting Requirements. Insurance managers are required to report to the BMA information regarding their management and operations, as well as certain events, for example, a failure to comply with a condition imposed upon it by the BMA.

•Economic Substance Act. Every Bermuda registered entity, other than an entity which is resident for tax purposes in certain jurisdictions outside Bermuda, engaged in a relevant activity (which includes, but is not limited to insurance, fund management, financing and leasing, and holding entity activities) and from which it earns gross revenue in a relevant financial period must satisfy economic substance requirements by maintaining a substantial economic presence in Bermuda, and certain of our entities incorporated in Bermuda are subject to annual reporting obligations regarding this requirement.

•Policyholder Priority. The Insurance Amendment (No. 2) Act 2018 provides that, subject to the prior payment of preferential debts under the Employment Act 2000 and the Bermuda Companies Act 1981, the insurance debts of an insurer must be paid in priority to all other unsecured debts of the insurer.

•Investment Fund Regulation. The Bermuda Investment Funds Act 2006 sets standards and criteria applicable to the establishment and operation of investment funds in Bermuda with a view to protecting investors. The BMA is responsible for supervising and regulating investment funds. Each of our managed funds, including Medici and Upsilon Fund is registered or authorized under the Investment Funds Act and therefore regulated by the BMA. Under the Investment Funds Act, registered funds and authorized funds are subject to offering disclosure requirements and obligations with respect to service providers, depositary functions, safekeeping obligations, valuations, and reporting to investors and the public, among other requirements.

•Investment Business Regulation. As a result of legislative amendments that came into force in July 2022, persons who did not previously require a license under the Investment Business Act 2003 and persons who relied on an exemption from the requirement to be licensed pursuant to the Investment Business (Exemptions) Order 2004 were required to apply to be licensed or registered under the IBA by the end of July 2023. As a result, RenaissanceRe Fund Management Ltd. and AlphaCat Managers Ltd., which were both previously exempt from requiring a license from the BMA to carry on investment business activities in or from Bermuda, applied for a Standard License and Class B Registration, respectively, under the IBA. Upon receipt of the BMA’s approval, RFM and AlphaCat will be subject to additional supervision by the BMA, including disclosure and reporting requirements and, in the case of RFM, minimum net asset and liquidity requirements.

U.S. Regulation

Overview. Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. is a Maryland-domiciled insurer licensed or accredited as a reinsurer in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. It is also a certified reinsurer with the U.S. Treasury. Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. is subject to considerable regulation and supervision by state insurance regulators. State insurance departments regulate insurer solvency, authorized investments, loss and loss adjustment expense and unearned premium reserves, and deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders. They also conduct periodic examinations and require the filing of annual and other reports relating to the financial condition of companies and other matters. The MIA, as Renaissance Reinsurance

U.S.’s domestic regulator, is the primary financial regulator of Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. RREAG, US Branch is in runoff, but is still subject to supervision by the NYDFS.

Holding Company Regulation. We are subject to the insurance holding company laws of Maryland, which require Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. to file certain reports concerning its capital structure, ownership, financial condition, general business operations, and material risks with the MIA. Generally, all affiliate transactions involving Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. must be fair and reasonable and, if material or of specified types, require prior notice to and approval or non-disapproval by the MIA.

Disclosure and Reporting Requirements. Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. is required to file various detailed reports, including annual and quarterly financial statements in accordance with prescribed statutory accounting rules, with regulatory officials in the jurisdictions in which it conducts business. In addition, the Risk Management and Own Risk Solvency and Assessment Act requires Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. and RREAG, US Branch to: (i) maintain a risk management framework for identifying, assessing, monitoring, managing, and reporting its material and relevant risks; (ii) complete an ORSA at least once each year and at any time there is a significant change to the risk profile of Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. or its holding company system; and (iii) submit an ORSA summary report to the MIA at not more than each year.

Capital and Surplus Requirements. Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. is required to meet certain minimum statutory capital and surplus requirements under Maryland law, including risk-based capital requirements, and to submit an annual report regarding its risk-based capital levels to the MIA. As of December 31, 2023, we believe Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. exceeded all applicable Maryland minimum capital and surplus requirements.

Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions. Maryland law places limitations on the amounts of dividends or distributions payable by Renaissance Reinsurance U.S., including the requirement that any “extraordinary dividends” require certain regulatory notices and approvals (or non-disapprovals) and must be paid out of earned surplus. Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. must also provide notice to the MIA of payment of ordinary dividends.

Acquisition of Control. Any person seeking to acquire “control” (which presumptively includes holders of 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities) of a Maryland-domestic insurer or of an entity that directly or indirectly controls a Maryland-domestic insurer, must provide advance notice to and obtain approval of, the MIA. Therefore, any investor who intends to acquire 10% or more of RenaissanceRe’s outstanding voting securities may need to comply with these laws and would be required to file statements and reports with the MIA before such acquisition. In addition, any existing controlling person of a Maryland-domestic insurer seeking to divest its controlling interest in the insurer must file with the MIA a confidential notice of the proposed divestiture at least 30 days prior to the cessation of control (unless a person acquiring control from the divesting party has filed notice of the proposed acquisition of control with the Commissioner).

RREAG, US Branch. The U.S. casualty portfolio of RREAG, US Branch was transferred to Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. in 2019. The remaining property and specialty business portfolio of RREAG, US Branch will be runoff until all liabilities are extinguished, a process that we expect to take several years.

RREAG, US Branch is licensed in New York and Kansas and it is an accredited reinsurer in 48 states, and the District of Columbia. The NYDFS is RREAG, US Branch’s insurance regulator in the U.S. RREAG, US Branch is subject to New York’s holding company laws as well as laws and regulations pertaining to solvency, capital and surplus, authorized investments, deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders, cybersecurity, corporate governance and the financial risks related to climate change. As of December 31, 2023, we believe RREAG, US Branch exceeded all applicable minimum capital and surplus requirements. The NYDFS may conduct periodic examinations of RREAG, US Branch and requires the filing of annual and other reports relating to RREAG, US Branch’s financial condition and risk-based capital levels. RREAG, US Branch does not pay ordinary dividends and would need approval from the NYDFS for any return of capital to RREAG.

Reinsurance Regulation. The insurance laws of each U.S. state indirectly regulate the sale of reinsurance to licensed ceding insurers by non-admitted alien reinsurers acting from locations outside the state through the state’s credit for reinsurance laws. With some exceptions, the sale of insurance within a jurisdiction where the insurer is not admitted to do business is prohibited.

Form: 10-K

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